Pakistan - Creeping Shadow Of Islamic State In
Punjab, By Ambreen Agha
On November 30, 2015, after a
heavy exchange of fire, the Security Forces (SFs) killed at least four al Qaeda
terrorists at Wador, within the limits of Gadani Police Station in Dera Ghazi
Khan District. However, an al Qaeda ‘commander’ Shoaib Cheema and his
accomplice Hanif Muhammad managed to escape from the encounter site. According
to Police sources, the terrorists had entered Punjab via Balochistan and had
planned to launch major terrorist activities in the Punjab Province.
On November 25, 2015, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) founder Haroon
Bhatti and three of his accomplices were killed in a midnight raid jointly
conducted by the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) and Police in the Badami
Bagh area of the provincial capital, Lahore. Bhatti’s slain accomplices were
identified as, Omair Nadeem, Omair Hassan and Noman Yasin. Three Policemen were
also injured in the gunfight. On October 22, 2015, the Police had brought
Bhatti and four of his associates back to Pakistan, from Dubai, with the help
of Interpol. According to official sources, Bhatti was accompanying the Police
and CTD personnel to an abandoned factory where LeJ terrorists were hiding. On
reaching the location, the terrorists hiding inside the factory allegedly
opened fire, killing Bhatti and the three others. Later, an unnamed senior
Police official admitted that the killings were staged by the authorities. In
an interview to The Guardian a Lahore-based Police official, on condition of
anonymity, admitted,
This had to be done to maintain peace in the Province. No one
would have given evidence against them because witnesses would be brutally
targeted. You can’t allow terrorists to carry on their attacks just because you
don’t have any proof against them.
Bhatti, one of the founding members of LeJ, was accused of
involvement in over two dozen terrorist attacks. Significantly, Bhatti was a
close aide of former LeJ chief Malik Ishaq, who was killed in a similar
exchange of fire with the Police on July 29, 2015, along with his two sons Usman
and Haq Nawaz, and another 11 accomplices. The Police had then claimed that
Ishaq had attempted to escape from their custody.
On November 26, 2015, SFs arrested nine LeJ terrorists from the
Farooq-e-Azam Madrassa (seminary) in the Cantonment area of Lahore. According
to an unnamed senior CTD official a huge quantity of hate material was
recovered from the seminary which was involved in various terrorist incidents
and was the last stronghold of the LeJ in Lahore. The CTD official stated that
the seminary was sealed under the National Action Plan (NAP). Federal Minister
of the Interior Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan had told the National Assembly on
November 11, 2015, that a total of 102 seminaries had been sealed in the
country for fanning extremism since the implementation of NAP on December 24,
2014. Of these, he disclosed, 87 madrassas were closed in Sindh; 13 in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa; and two in Punjab where a number of students were found in contact
with banned groups. The total number of seminaries sealed in Punjab now stands
at three.
According to data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal
(SATP), 165 persons have been killed in terrorism related incidents in the
current year in Punjab (all data till December 6, 2015). Of these 90 were
civilians, 66 terrorists and nine SF personnel. In the corresponding period in
2014, a total of 171 persons had been killed, including 129 civilians, 22
terrorists and 20 SF personnel. With fatalities among civilians and SFs
dropping considerably, the Province has experienced some respite from terror,
even as a significant number of terrorists has been eliminated.
Data provided by the Provincial Home Department on November 24,
2015, stated that at least 48 terrorists, 17 of them ‘high profile’, had been
killed by the CTD under NAP. An official also claimed that CTD had arrested
5,812 terrorists and their collaborators from different cities of Punjab in
intelligence-based operations, averting major acts of terrorism. Of them, 1,265
were arrested in Bahawalpur District, 1,040 in Gujranwala District, 1,008 in
Rawalpindi District, 810 in Sargodha District and 233 in Lahore District.
Law enforcement agencies have succeeded to some degree in
minimizing the threats from domestically oriented terror outfits such as LeJ
and the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), but the emergence of Islamic State
(IS, also known as Daesh) has introduced new complexities in the profile of
terrorism in Punjab. Daesh is looking to expand its jihad by seeking allegiance
from domestically oriented outfits like TTP, Jundullah, and others, who are
currently under pressure from the Pakistani security establishment, and has
launched a sustained and intensive campaign through the Internet. The campaign
is securing particular resonance among increasingly disoriented domestic
formations, which have suffered mounting losses over the past year.
Specifically, since the launch of Operation Zarb-e-Azb in the North Waziristan
Agency of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on June 15, 2014,
Pakistani SFs have killed at least 4,481 terrorists, almost all of them
belonging to domestically oriented terror formations.
Notably, on July 6, 2014, a lesser known Punjab-based terror
outfit, Tehreek-e-Khilafat-o-Jihad (Movement for Caliphate and Jihad), an
offshoot of the TTP, had declared:
From today, Sheikh Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi shall consider
Tehreek-e-Khilafat and Jihad mujahideen fighters of Pakistan as one of the
arrows among his arrows which he has kept for his bow. We are praying from the
almighty Allah to give us chance in our lives to see the expansion of Islamic
State boundaries toward the Subcontinent and Khurasan region in order to hoist
the flag of Islamic State here.
Three months after threatening “worst attacks” in Islamabad and
Lahore, the then TTP ‘spokesman’ Shahidullah Shahid, in a 16-minute online
video released on October 4, 2014, had pledged allegiance to IS, along with
dozens of other terrorists. On June 15, 2014, following the launch of Operation
Zarb-e-Azb, Shahidullah Shahid had threatened the political elites of Punjab
with “retaliatory activities by Mujahideen”. Hardening in his resolve against
the Punjab establishment and subsequently “extending full support” to the IS,
Shahid, in his October 4, 2014 message to Daesh had proclaimed,
Oh our brothers we are proud of you in your victories. We are with
you in your happiness and your sorrow. In these troubled days, we call for your
patience and stability, especially now that all your enemies are united against
you. Please put all your rivalries behind you. All Muslims in the world have
great expectations from you…we are with you; we will provide you with fighters
and with every possible support.
Shahid was sacked from TTP after pledging allegiance to IS and was
killed, along with five other terrorists, in a United States (US) drone strike
in the Achin District of Nangarhar Province in Afghanistan on July 7, 2015. At
the time of his death he had assumed the title of ‘commander’ of Daesh in
Afghanistan. The drone strike was confirmed by Afghanistan‘s National
Directorate of Security.
Meanwhile, the Punjab Home Department, citing Intelligence
reports, on November 27, 2015, alerted Police and other agencies in the
Province that Daesh had planned attacks on civil and military targets. The
Punjab Government’s alert mentioned that Daesh-affiliated terrorists were out
to strike Army vehicles moving on the Jalalpur Jattan Road and Police patrols on
the Grand Trunk Road in Gujrat District. The intelligence report also claimed
that a group of five terrorists had reached Lahore, and had planned to storm
private establishments. According to an unnamed intelligence official, their
likely targets included minorities and foreigners. Earlier, on October 15,
2015, the Chief of Army Staff (CoAS) General Raheel Sharif, during his visit to
the Royal United Services Institute in London, had declared, “Daesh is a bigger
threat than al Qaeda.”
Further, on August 18, 2015, posters signed by Daesh were seen on
the walls of schools in the Phugla, Fazla Kachh and Barthi areas of Dera Ghazi
Khan District. The posters carried messages against co-education. Earlier, on
July 4, 2015, Law Enforcement Agencies had arrested three suspected terrorists
affiliated with Daesh, from Lahore and had recovered laptops confirming their
links with Daesh leaders, maps of sensitive buildings in Punjab and hate
literature. According to Police sources, two of the suspects, identified as Asmatullah
and Abdur Rehman, hailed from Afghanistan while the third, Muhammad Ibrahim,
was from Pakistan’s Punjab Province.
Again, on January 21, 2015, intelligence sources had confirmed the
arrest of a local Daesh ‘commander’, identified as Yousuf al-Salafi, and two
accomplices, Qari Tayyab and Dr. Fahad, involved in recruiting and sending
fighters to Syria from Lahore. According an unnamed intelligence source,
“al-Salafi is a Pakistani Syrian who reached Pakistan through Turkey five
months ago. He crossed into Turkey from Syria and was caught there. Somehow he
managed to escape and reached Pakistan to establish IS.” Al-Salafi had further
revealed that one of his accomplices, Tayyab, was a prayer leader in Lahore and
was involved in recruiting Pakistanis and sending them to fight alongside Daesh
in Syria on a charge of about USD 600 per recruit.
However, despite the acknowledgment of the Daesh presence by the
CoAS, backed by various intelligence reports, Punjab Law Minister Rana
Sanaullah, demonstrating the political elite’s persistent state of denial,
brushed off the threat alert as being “a routine matter”, arguing: “There is no
existence of Daesh in Pakistan, especially in Punjab… There are some
troublemakers belonging to banned outfits and the Government is making efforts
to eliminate these criminals”. A year earlier, the Federal Minister of Interior
Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan, in a similar note, had ruled out the existence of
Daesh in the country on November 10, 2014, asserting, “No organisation of this
name exists in Pakistan.”
The war against terrorism, domestic and international, is
contingent upon political consensus, political will, and consistency of action.
Unless there is a military and political consensus on the continuum of Islamist
terrorist formations operating in Pakistan, including both domestically and
outward oriented groupings, and the existence of, and creeping threat posed by,
Daesh, gains against a limited group of terrorist outfits will easily be
frittered away. Crucially, if elements within the leadership continue to ignore
the warning signs, Daesh is more likely to gain a foothold and wreak havoc in
the Punjab Province, and in Pakistan at large.
*
Ambreen Agha
Research Assistant, Institute for Conflict Management
Research Assistant, Institute for Conflict Management
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