-->
Is CPEC ‘China Punjab Execution Corridor’?
Dr Shabir Choudhry,
London 30 September 2018
CPEC stands for China Pakistan Economic Corridor.
However, some Pakistani critics of the Project call it China Punjab Economic
Corridor, as in their view, the Project will benefit Punjab more than the other
Provinces of Pakistan.
During the United Nations Human Rights Council’s 39th
Session, I came across a new definition of the CPEC. In a seminar held on 19th
September 2018, arranged by Universal Peace Federation, Professor Naela Qadri
Baloch gave totally a new and somewhat amazing definition to the CPEC. She
said:
‘China Pakistan Economic Corridor is not an economic
corridor. It is anti-people, and anti Balochistan Project. If this project was
for welfare of the people of Balochistan, then why they are abducted, tortured,
women raped and killed. Why do we get mutilated bodies of our sons and
brothers? What is our crime? Do we
have a right to life? Is it too much to ask that we Baloch people want to live
with peace and dignity. We want to use our resources for the well-being of
people’. 1
I also met many other Baloch leaders, human rights
defenders and political activists, they all told harrowing accounts of cruelty
and oppression that was going on in Balochistan. It is sad that the Pakistani
media is not publishing what goes on in Balochistan. It is a criminal
negligence. They are siding with the oppressors, and will only publish what
promotes agenda of the establishment.
Baloch leaders claim that the CPEC is anti-people and
anti Balochistan; and its aim is benefit local people and Pakistan. Pakistani
army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa, while talking to
Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing on Wednesday, 19 September 2018, said:
‘Those who oppose Belt and Road Initiative
(BRI) or China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) shall never succeed as these
are initiatives of peace and development not only for China, but for region and
beyond… Pakistan understands the importance of peace and has given a lot of
sacrifices for achieving it’. 2
The Chinese President, Xi Jinping, also
appreciated role of the Pakistani army, and said:
Pakistan
is our time-tested, iron friend and Pakistan Army has a pivotal role towards
this lasting relationship. He appreciated professionalism of Pakistani armed
forces and acknowledged their role towards regional peace and stability. 3
The Pakistani army Chief says, the CPEC and BRI are for peace
and development, but people of Balochistan who are at the receiving end of
all this do not accept this claim, as in their view army is oppressing,
uprooting and killing local people; and looting and plundering Baloch
resources.
Mama Qadeer Baloch has become a symbol of the Baloch
resistance. His struggle is peaceful, and is getting momentum. Despite all the
negative propaganda against him and obstacles created by the establishment, he
marched from Quetta to Islamabad on foot to protest against oppression and the
CPEC. It is more than 1000 kilometres, not an easy task for a man of his age,
and for women and children who accompanied him. In a reply to my question, in
Urdu, he said:
They have different meaning to peace than what we have.
We want peace where we can live without any fear, without any harassment,
without any torture, without gun fights, and without jet fighters dropping
bombs on us. We want peace where we are not hunted and killed. We want peace
where our women and children are safe, and where we can use our resources for
well-being of our families.
They want peace that prevails in the grave yards. They
want to impose peace by silencing our voices. They want to establish peace by
killing the Baloch people, and by butchering our children. We will not allow them to do this. We are
occupied by Pakistan. Our resources are plundered by Islamabad and China. 4
This CPEC is not an economic project. Its aim is not to
promote peace or economic stability. It is to loot and plunder our resources,
and drive us out of here. Already local people have been driven out of their
homes in Gwadar because the authorities want to settle Punjabis and Chinese
there, said Ms Karima Baloch, former Chairperson of Baloch Students
Organisation. I also met her in Geneva during the UN Human Rights Council’s 39th
Session.
She said our people have been pushed out of their homes
and denied right to fish, where they and their forefathers lived for centuries.
Those who are still living there have no access to clean drinking water,
because of severe shortage of clean water, because water is given to Punjabis
and Chinese settlers. She said, local people are becoming homeless in their own
area; and Gwadar has become most impoverished colony rather than an economic
hub.
Young Karima Baloch said, ‘We will resist Sino –
Pakistani colonisation of Balochistan.”
I asked her, “How can you fight united might of Pakistan
and China? They are far too powerful.”
She said, “I know they are very strong, but our will to
resist is also strong. We have no choice but fight back.”
I asked, “What strategies will you adopt to resist the
CPEC and China and Pakistan?”
She said, “I am human rights activist, and live in
Canada. Our struggle will be peaceful. We will tell the world what dangers the
CPEC can bring to the region; however, how people of Balochistan will oppose
them on the ground it is for them to decide. But I assure you we will resist,
and will not surrender.” 5
The CPEC is sold as
a ‘Game changer’. Maybe it is a game changer, but a million-dollar question is
in whose favour the game will change. People of Balochistan or the rebels
assert that it will certainly not in favour of the suffering people of
Balochistan. I have discussed this issue in detail in my previous book, ‘Is
CPEC economic corridor or a strategic game plan?
However, it will be
sufficient to add views of those who are actively opposing it, and are
suffering as a direct result of the issues related to the CPEC, and not rely on
statements of those who are pursuing this agenda or are beneficiaries of these
mega projects.
No matter what authorities in Islamabad and Beijing tell
the world, views of the local people about the CPEC are important. I have met many important
Baloch leaders, political and human rights activists, and not one of them said
they support the CPEC.
The Pakistani narrative
that those who oppose the CPEC are “enemies
of Pakistan," or are agents of India, is not selling. People know that
this allegation has been used far too many times against their own people; and
it has lost its shine. It no longer sticks; and in some cases, the accused gets
more credibility and eminence. People think he must be of some value and the
authorities want to crush his legitimate activities.
In another seminar
held in Geneva on 21 September 2018, Mama Qadeer Baloch said:
‘We
are worst sufferers in Pakistan. We never acceded to Pakistan. They occupied us
with an attack on 27 March 1948. If it was an accession with consent of the
people, then why army was sent under command of General Akbar Khan? Independent
Balochistan had support of Lower and Upper Houses of Balochistan. Our flag was
hoisted on a Central Mosque, and even that was attacked, and flag was burnt.
Loyal sons of the soil fought back, and went to the mountains to continue their
armed struggle against forces of occupation. When they realised they cannot
win, and a defeat was imminent, they used a religious card. In presence of our
elders, they took oath on Quran that they accept our demands, and will honour
the agreement. When our leaders and fighters came down from the mountains, the
Pakistani army unilaterally rescinded the agreement, and betrayed us. Our
leaders and freedom fighters were arrested and sent to jails, tortured and
killed.’
Mama Qadeer Baloch
continued with his speech:
‘We
have forgotten nothing. Since that date we have been attacked many times, and
each time we have given them a befitting reply. They know they cannot crush our
struggle, or eliminate our desire for independence. That is why they have
colluded with China, that together they can eliminate us and loot our
resources. But let me tell both China and Pakistan – they will not win. We will
resist with all power at our disposal. We will not let them rest or enjoy
fruits of our resources. They cannot win our minds and hearts by killing our
children, by torturing them, and by kidnaping and dishonouring our daughters.
This land is ours, and we will defend it ad will not allow any outsiders to
settle here. We request China to go back. This is not your land. These are not
your resources. Stop wasting more money here’.
Mama Qadeer said, in
the past we used to get mutilated bodies of our sons, brothers and relatives.
In some cases, organs of their bodies were missing too. Now we don’t even get
dead bodies. List of missing people is getting bigger. Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry
did some good work for the missing people, but the present Chief Justice, Saqib
Nisar is in hands of army, MI and ISI. He is interested in other matters and
will not do anything for the missing people. They have killed thousands of our
people; and still thousands are missing, presumed dead.
He concluded by
saying that:
‘Already both countries have serious differences over many things related to the CPEC. These differences will grow with time because both want a bigger share of the booty. Our people are forcibly evicted from their homes to assure China there is no threat to the CPEC routes. Some of our people have become beggars in Karachi. Any project which is not pro people and in which we are not consulted will be opposed and ferociously resisted. We will make life difficult for the occupiers, it is better that they pack their bags and go home, and let us live in peace and dignity’. 6
Problems the CPEC can face
A
source who has access to the establishment told me that, nearly all CPEC
projects are on hold due to differences between the new government of Imran
Khan and China. Pakistan is not happy with some of the projects and also with
terms and conditions. Above all, there is massive issue of corruption in which
officials of both sides were allegedly involved. China doesn’t want to tarnish
further its already bad reputation with infrastructure development deals around
the world. Therefore, Beijing has expressed its willingness to review the
hitherto progress, and also look at terms and conditions.
This was tacitly confirmed by the statement
of Minister of State for Communications, Murad Saeed, who
said, 40 projects have been closely scrutinised
and audited. Six projects will be audited by a third party, indicating serious
problems. Islamabad want to show that a neutral party has come out with the
figures. He said: “Reforms are being introduced in the
communication sector besides eradicating corruption.” 7
It must be noted that Brahamdagh Bugti, a prominent Baloch leader
also thinks, 'China-Pakistan deal usurps Baluchistan’s resources'.
Siegfried O. Wolf, a
South Asia expert at the University of Heidelberg, who is currently researching
the CPEC and has written several scholarly papers on the issue, while talking
about the CPEC said:
'There is a big question
mark on Pakistan's ability to secure CPEC projects'.
He further says:
Security problems have
mired CPEC with numerous militant attacks in Baluchistan and other parts of the
country, but Beijing says it is confident the Pakistani military is in control.
Can Islamabad ensure security for the project? 8
The Baloch rebels, as pointed out above, fiercely oppose the
CPEC, alleging that most of the benefits will go to strong Punjab, which has
undue representation in all walks of life in Pakistan. Islamabad is determined
to continue with the project at all costs, and the rebels want to resist this
‘loot and plunder, and oppose conspiracy to change demography of the region.’
Siegfried
O. Wolf thinks the success of CPEC depends on ‘regional stability, security,
and rule of law’; and in absence of these assurances, the Chinese companies may
be reluctant to make additional investments beyond the current agreements.
Despite
strong army contingent to protect the CPEC route, and new stringent laws to
empower security forces and intelligence agencies, it is questionable if
Pakistan will be able to provide fool - proof security to the route and the
personnel working on various projects.
The massive Chinese
investments could help Pakistan's economy, but there is a serious question
about Pakistan’s ability to pay back. Moreover, there is a danger that the CPEC
will make Pakistan more dependent on Beijing. Pakistan will have to pay a big
price for this, and may have to compromise on various matters related to its
foreign policies. Siegfried O Wolf thinks:
‘The
CPEC projects come with a price. Besides infrastructural and economic linkages,
Beijing is also aiming for security and political connectivity. Islamabad will
be expected to align its political decision making with Beijing's approach
towards South Asia and beyond. Subsequently, the argument that CPEC will turn
Pakistan into China's client state will be strengthened.’ 9
It must also be
noted that organisations like Alqaeeda and ISIS are not happy with policies of
Pakistan and China. In their view, Pakistan and China oppress and kill Muslims
– Pakistan in various parts of Pakistan and in Afghanistan; and China in East
Turkistan, where Muslims are subject to very harsh Chinese treatment, and they
cannot practise Islam as they wish.
Activities of both
IS and Alqaeeda have increased in Afghanistan and to some extent in Pakistan.
With decline of ‘jihad’ in Iraq and in Syria, it is possible that many more
warriors divert their attention to this region. Siegfried O. Wolf thinks both
of these organisations have potential to create serious security challenges to
the CPEC, as to them these projects are legitimate targets in their concept of
jihad.
India is generally seen, and projected as a country that is
hostile to the CPEC. I have spoken to some experts on this. In their view,
India is not against regional development and economic
cooperation. Their objections on the CPEC are related to strong legal, security
and strategic implications.
The CPEC is going
through an area, Gilgit Baltistan, which is disputed, and does not legally
belong to Pakistan. Pakistan has already gifted around 2000 kilometres of
territory from this region to China that Beijing can connect it with Aqsai Chin
occupied by China in Sino Indian war of 1962.
Indian claim is that
Gilgit Baltistan and so called Azad Kashmir belong to them. Furthermore, they
think the CPEC has strong defence and strategic objectives. With the CPEC,
China is trying to achieve strategic, security and political clout in Pakistan.
It will provide naval and military bases to China, which will endanger Indian
interests. Already China and Pakistan are economically and militarily very close
to each other, and Chinese presence in Pakistan, or in areas under their
control can make India more vulnerable.
In view of
many impartial experts the CPEC has clear defence and strategic agenda, and in
view of Siegfried O. Wolf, it ‘goes far beyond trade and economic
collaboration’. The Indian policy makers are legitimately alarmed,
especially, if issue of the disputed territory of Gilgit-Baltistan is also
taken in to consideration. If the alarm bells are not ringing in New Delhi, then
there is something wrong in their defence system.
Can the CPEC become a victim of US China cold
war?
The old cold war between Soviet Russia and the United States ended, but
it didn’t mean end of tension, and end of problems in international relations.
China is emerging as a new challenger to the dominance of America, and that has
resulted in a ‘new cold war’ between the two countries.
It is quite possible that this cold war, like the old cold war, could
implicate other countries, and may spill over to Pakistan. It is also possible,
that Pakistan may become a new battleground for the competing interests of
America and China.
Over the past few weeks and months relations between Islamabad and
Washington have not been very cordial. Some even predicted some kind of break
up in the relations. In my opinion that will not happen.
Although both countries are frustrated and
angry with each other because of unfulfilled expectations, but they both need
each other. They cannot and will not walk away, as interest of both are
dependent on each other. America has expressed its anger and frustration; and also,
indicated what difficulties Washington can create for Islamabad, but they will
not push it to the breaking point because they don’t want Pakistan to be pushed
in to the emerging China and Russian bloc.
They both need to assess their positions and
interests, and re – negotiate new terms and rules of engagement. Both
governments have options of new friends, but both need each other for a variety
of reasons.
It is important to see how this new cold war
between China and America will influence India and Pakistan. Will that
deteriorate relationship between the two hostile neighbours; or they will learn
to evolve new relationship and new rules of engagement.
What Washington provided to Pakistan over the
past decades, Beijing cannot do that because the China has its own problems.
The Chinese technology is not as good as the American; and China is not as
generous as America when it comes to providing financial aid. Apart from
technology and other assistance America used to provide cash that Pakistani
ruling elite used as they wished. China on the other hand is reluctant to
provide cash to Pakistanis.
After 9/11, America started paying Pakistan
billions of dollars under cover of the Coalition Support Funds. since 2002.
This money was paid in cash to compensate ‘Pakistan for specific costs
incurred in deploying tens of thousands of additional troops to the Afghan
border, and for the use of Pakistani airfields, ports, and roads to resupply
American forces in Afghanistan’. 10
Bluntly one can call this a ‘rent money’. Pakistan
provided services to America, and they paid for these services. Washington knew
that Pakistani position in this war was unpopular among the people, and they
wanted to keep the Pakistani ruling elite on the right side by paying them
money. The ruling elite got the money, but the Pakistani people suffered
enormously, and tens of thousands of people were injured and killed, and
property worth billions worth was destroyed in bomb blasts.
By 2015, Pakistan had received more than $13 billion in
CSF. The army used that money as it suited their agenda, and there were certain
issues over which Washington was not satisfied. Pakistan was not producing the
desired results or pursuing the agreed agenda, hence frequent open
disagreements and clashes.
Eventually America decreased the military aid by 73%, and
withheld the CSF, which was frozen in January 2018. Not only has it become
harder to get those carrots, but the carrots have become much, much smaller. allocation was cut by $700 million.
Pakistan has expressed its anger, but has not
retaliated by stopping the US supply lines to Afghanistan. Perhaps they know it
will be counterproductive; and Pakistan will end up losing more. Maybe they
hope that by showing some leniency to Washington, and by becoming closer to China,
and a bit of crackdown on Haqqanis may help Washington to change its mind.
America appreciates Pakistan’s strategic
position, and what role they can play in the region, especially in the endgame
of Afghanistan. Therefore, America would not like to push Pakistan under the influence
of Beijing and Moscow. So, it is imperative that America have some leverage to
persuade Pakistan to continue to be a ‘good boy’.
In other words, it is likely that both
America and Pakistan will resolve these issues by working out new Memorandum Of
Undwerstand; and new terms of engagement, which will serve needs of both
governments.
It should also be noted that America has
expressed more resentment about the CPEC and China, than Pakistan’s role in
Afghanistan. This indicates that Washington is more worried about emerging
Chinese influence, the CPEC and the Pakistani role in that. Troubles of
Afghanistan are worrying, but maybe still under control to some extent.
In some American quarters, China is seen as a
serious economic and ‘strategic competitor’, which is also engaged in ‘economic
aggression’, by trapping small and vulnerable economies located in
strategically important positions. They fear Pakistan may also become victim of
the Beijing’s plan to trap vulnerable economies, and consequently empower China
to advance their agenda.
Apart from other reasons, America is also
annoyed that Pakistan is deliberately not facilitating a meeting with the
Taliban. Alice Wells, America’s Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for South
and Central Asian Affairs disclosed frustration of the Trump administration in
this matter. President Trump believes if Pakistan makes a sincere effort, then
they can bring Taliban to the negotiations table. She told a private TV
channel:
“The US president had directed that we work together with
Pakistan to bring Taliban to the negotiating table, however he was disappointed
after no headway was made. We have still not found a way
to work more closely with Pakistan to ensure Taliban come to the negotiation
table. I can assure you through my own efforts that we are always looking for
opportunities to strengthen our relationships. These set of issues will
continue to be important.” 11
Is there anything for the local people?
Will the CPEC bring about any tangible
changes in lives of the local people. One can bluntly say no. It may bring new
infrastructure and highways by uprooting the local people, but in reality, it
will not help majority of the local people.
In Gwadar, livelihood of around 80% of
the local people is related to fishing, or dealing with fish products. The CPEC
will generate some economic activity, and will provide jobs to skilled labour.
The local people due to lack of skills and education do not qualify for these
jobs like technical posts, port handling, management, trade, forward agencies
and other jobs that require skills in business, public relations, sales,
warehousing, storage etc.
These jobs will be provided to either
the Chinese or other Pakistanis who will settle in this area, and which will
result in more problem for the local people.
Many local people have been forced to
migrate from their homes. Those who refuse to leave as this is the only home
they have; and they don’t want to leave homes of their ancestors, their lives
are made difficult. They are barred to fish in various places under the pretext
of security. They are also regularly harassed and intimidated by various secret
agencies.
Also, there are rumours that the entire
population which lives on fishing related jobs, will be shifted elsewhere, as
their presence is not conducive to future development plan of Gwadar. They are
unskilled and cannot fit – in, in the future economic, social, cultural and
employment demands of the new city of Gwadar.
Moreover, these people could be a
security risk. It is believed that People who are poor, uneducated, unskilled
and detached from the emerging new ground realities of the city, could become
easy targets of the enemies of this project.
The infrastructure, including port
related development is fast depleting areas where local people can fish with
traditional fishing boats, which are only useful to fish in areas close to the
coast, and not useful to fish in deep sea. Furthermore, because of the
development and its impact on environment, certain types of fish has already
become extinct in this area.
Ahmed Kulmeer, in his article, ‘CPEC: A
game Changer or a disaster’ writes:
‘On top of it, protection walls have
been erected on both sides of the city (Deemi zir and Padi Zir) in order to
protect the city from tidal erosion, a direct repercussion of an inappropriate
design of the port itself, during summer. The beautiful beaches, now destroyed
by the protection walls, were not only used to be a safe docking space for the
small boats but they were the center of all cultural activities of fisher
folks’. 12
The learned writer further says:
‘No alternative docking area has been
allocated for the local fishermen leading to the loss and destruction of these
boats during high tide season and in case of any storm surge. On the other
hand, the deep-sea trawling, which is being illegally carried out, and has
depleted the local fish catch is now being legalised as the Pakistani
government is planning to issue deep sea fishing licence to Chinese deep sea
trawlers. These trawlers not only destroy the sea bed but also disrupt the
ecosystem of sea leading to extinction of many fish and shrimp species which
are the life blood for these local fishermen’. 13
No one with common sense can say that
based on these policies, the local people will benefit. Irony is that those who
are enacting or imposing these policies demand with iron fist that no one
should complain or speak against these policies. If they disobey, they will
face wrath of the state, culminating in to sedition charges, imprisonment and
in some cases, a bullet in the chest.
If the authorities sincerely wanted to
help the local people, then they could have established technical institutes in
places like Gilgit Baltistan and Balochistan where people could have been
trained to join the labour market of the CPEC.
In absence of such technical institutes
and appropriate training, it is clear that Islamabad is only fooling people, as
the real agenda is to strengthen their hegemony by plundering the resources of
Gilgit Baltistan and Balochistan.
In order to pacify and control the
local people, they have hired some local people, just like the British did when
they started their imperialist campaign in India. These puppets and foot
soldiers are rewarded handsomely because of their services.
The CPEC will not empower women or even
men. In any genuine development plan, the local people are made part of the
decision making. They are involved at all levels of the project, that they
regard this development plan as their plan, and take its ownership, and work
hard for its completion and protection.
In case of the CPEC, local people of
Gilgit Baltistan and Balochistan are systematically kept aloof from the
projects. The local people see the CPEC as an alien project, which is imposed
on them by force. These projects are programmed to enrich some Pakistanis and
some Chinese. There is no agenda to empower the underprivileged people,
especially those belonging to Balochistan and Gilgit Baltistan.
Of course, the hidden agenda is to
empower China by providing strategic and military edge. China, in return, will
help Pakistan in many other ways, including protecting Pakistan’s strategic
assets – militants groomed by Pakistan to advance Pakistan’s agenda in
neighbouring countries.
Just for the information of readers,
China uses its Veto power frequently in support of Pakistan in the UN Security
Council. This Chinese Veto is available even to protect those who are perceived
as terrorists by the UN and many other countries. On 29 September 2018, China
has once again used its Veto to protect Molana Masood Azhar.
Molana Masood Azhar a wanted man. His
Jaish e Mohammed, a militant group is included in the UN’s list of a ‘banned
terrorist organisation’. Jaish e Mohammed is
accused of committing many ‘terrorist attacks’ in India, among them is attack
on the ‘Uri military base in Kashmir in 2016,
where 17 security personnel were killed. China has time and again blocked
India’s move, which was backed by the US, Britan and France, to designate
Masood a terrorist under the Al-Qaeda Sanctions Committee of the UN Security
Council’. 14
One can see China and Pakistan have a
lot in common. What concerns me, and many others is that what suits Beijing and
Islamabad do not suit people of Gilgit Baltistan and people of Balochistan.
Economic growth is related to obtaining
a sustained growth of income per capita, which can enable a country to provide
good education, good health, security and prosperity to its people. The growth
which the CPEC may provide is not designed to do that. This economic growth
will only empower the rich people, and will surely increase the exiting
disparity in the society. Most of the wealth in Pakistan is in hands of a tiny
minority, and the ordinary people suffer and will continue to suffer with the
existing policies.
It is believed that many people from
Punjab and the establishment will usurp maximum benefits from the CPEC. It is
also possible that some new real estate tycoons may emerge. However, a question
one should ask: will that benefit the ordinary people of Pakistan?
With the CPEC, suffering of the people
of Balochistan and Gilgit Baltistan will increase; and some leaders even claim
with evidence that they are facing more human rights abuses now than what was
there before the CPEC started. There are widespread human rights violations
taking place in these both regions. Even right of expression and political
activities are not permitted; and those who speak out, they are treated as
anti-Pakistan and traitors.
Sentiments of the people of Gilgit
Baltistan and Balochistan are totally ignored. All mega projects are started
against the wishes of the people, and without consulting them or seeking their
consent.
Before the CPEC, the Pakistani secret
agencies, army and political elite controlled Balochistan and Gilgit Baltistan.
Now, thanks to the CPEC, people of these regions have to put up with the
designs and secret agencies of China as well. The Chinese want to ensure that
their investment and personnel are safe. Under pretext of saving their
interests, Beijing knows how to crush people and their genuine aspirations.
The Reko Dekh Copper and Gold mine
holds one of the largest mineral resources in the world. Its estimated reserves
are $500 billion, which is around 10 times larger than all the CPEC projects.
Have local people benefitted from these natural resources in any shape or form;
or have they been taken in to confidence or even kept informed about developments.
Same is the case with the Saindak
Copper Project. It is not appropriate, and space also does not permit me to
explain in details what happened to these projects. However, it adequately
helps us to reach this conclusion that if the local people do not benefit from
the local resources, then it will be foolish to expect that the rulers of
Pakistan will help people of Gilgit Baltistan and Balochistan with the Chinese
money borrowed on interest.
The
following data will give some insight to what are grievances of the people of
Balochistan.
According to growth rates for 2014-15, the
Pakistani GDP was $271
Contribution
of Punjab $162 Balochistan
$8.6
Income per
capita for Pakistan: 1,440
Income per
Capita for Punjab: 1472 For
Balochistan: 925
Annual
growth rate for Pakistan 4.4%
Contribution
of Punjab: 4.1%
Balochistan: 2.5%
Multidimensional
Poverty Index for Pakistan 19.7%
For Punjab: 15.1% Balochistan: 39.4%
Child Mortality under 5 per 1000 live births
for Pakistan is 89%
For Punjab: 103
For Balochistan: 112
Maternal
Mortality Rate Per
100,000 live birth in Pakistan 178.
For Punjab: 189 For Balochistan 785
Immunisation for Pakistan: 54%
For Punjab: 65% For Balochistan 16%
15
References:
1.
This seminar was held in Geneva during
UN Human Rights Council’s 39th Session on 19th September
2018. After the seminar, I had an opportunity to interview Professor Naela
Qadri Baloch.
2. https://timesofislamabad.com/20-Sep-2018/pakistan-china-give-a-strong-message-to-enemies-of-cpec-bri
3. Ibid
4. Interview with Mama Qadeer
Baloch in Geneva on 20 September 2018
5. Interview with Karima Baloch in
Geneva on 20 September 2018.
6. Speech of Mama Qadeer Baloch on
21 September 2018 in Geneva.
8. https://www.dw.com/en/economic-corridor-cpec-could-turn-pakistan-into-chinas-client-state/a-36384662
9. Ibid
11. https://timesofislamabad.com/30-Sep-2018/why-us-president-donald-trump-is-disappointed-with-pakistan
13. Ibid
No comments:
Post a Comment