PM MODI SPELLS OUT HIS VISION – ANALYSIS, By Manoj Joshi
In the past month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has sketched out the
broad contours of his foreign and security policy vision, culminating in his
official visit to the United States. For most Americans, this would have been
yet another visit by an important global leader. But for most Indians, both in
the US and back home, there has been a palpable sense of excitement about it.
This is because of the understanding that Modi is the first prime
minister since 1989 to have a majority of his own in the Lok Sabha.
Most of us have lived with the frustration of coalition governments
which were not able to take the decisive decisions that this country needs to
get its act together to act as the economic and regional power that it already
is. In foreign policy, as in domestic, Modi has raised expectations sky-high.
As of now, however, what we are seeing in both domestic and foreign policy are
broad brush-strokes, not the finished picture.
Consolidation
In Modi’s case, this has worked at two levels. First is the
inspirational and global, delivered through public speeches such as those at
the UN or Madison Square Garden. The UN speech spelt out his world view: the
importance of being a good neighbour, peace with Pakistan, the dangers of
terrorism, the need for accommodative trading systems and a multipolar world
order. The second level is the behind-the-scenes realism which has been
manifested by the stance India has taken with its interlocutors, whether they
be Pakistan, China, US or Japan on issues ranging from the peace talks, border,
climate change, and nuclear agreements.
But what we are seeing are only the opening gambits of a longer game.
Foreign policy is a bit different from domestic. Within a country, you can
influence, dictate or direct an outcome with relative ease. But in foreign
affairs, it is not easy to shape things in the way you want.
So far, Modi has been careful in articulating his foreign and security
policy. His primary political aim is consolidation. As an outlier, he needs to
ensure that he is now the BJP’s mainstream. He may be the “hriday samrat”
(emperor of minds) of the public, but within the party he still faces
opposition and resistance.
In these circumstances, he will move slowly and not undertake policy
measures – foreign or domestic – which could give his enemies a handle. His
initial strategy, much like that of Narasimha Rao, will be change through
stealth. A lot of that is already visible in economic policy and
administration. In foreign and security policy, from the outset he has hewn
close to the Vapayee mould. He may have been tough with Pakistan, but he has
ignored fire-eaters who want him to do more. He has refused calls to change the
nuclear doctrine, invoking Vajpayee.
And, if Atalji termed the US as its “natural ally”, Modi modified it
only slightly to term it as a “natural global partner.”
Articulation
But at some point, he needs to prepare for the day when his
interlocutors will ask: What do you bring to the table? In another context, in
August, President Obama put it bluntly when he commented that China has been a
free rider on the international system for the last thirty years or so. The
question also needs to be posed to India, which often talks of “non-alignment”
and “strategic autonomy.”
Is India also free-riding on the world system where the US provides
security to or oil sea lanes, or takes on the Islamist challenge in the
Middle-East?
While India was poor and weak, we could always look away at some of
these issues, but if India’s economy grows in the next decade, we may have to
provide some answers to the questions, in our own self interest. So, beyond the
broad geopolitical formulations, what many of these countries and China, are
wondering, is: What is the role India intends to play in the coming decade –
which politically is likely to be the Modi decade? Actually they wonder what
role is India capable of playing. Capability here, is a combination of capacity
– military and economic – as well as intentions articulated through policy.
Potential
As of now, all that India brings to the table is its potential. In the
present circumstances, this is a big plus. The global balance of power is inexorably
shifting in favour of China.
Under pressure in the East and South China Sea, the US and its allies
want India to rise so as to counter some of China’s pull.
Given the asymmetry between Indian and Chinese military and economic
power, India cannot do this by itself, but in combination with others it can.
So Modi needs to unpack India’s new foreign and security policies in a world
where the US is becoming more selective about its global role, while China is
feeling its way around to see how it can shape regional and global policy using
its still growing economic and military clout.
Modi is right to emphasise the fact that our destiny will be our
neighbourhood, but it also lies in the reshaping and reform of our economic and
national security structures to keep pace with what we hope will be a
burgeoning economy.
Given the ground realities – where China’s power exceeds ours by orders
of magnitude – we need allies. That is where relationships with the US, Japan,
ASEAN and Australia come in.
Beyond the hype, high table banquets, joint statements and the like,
this is what the Modi vision that the global foreign policy community is
searching for.
(The writer is a Distinguished
Fellow, Observer Research Foundation and Contributing Editor, Mail Today)
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